Korean Terminology
Below, I have associated Korean words with the English equivalent.
The Korean word is given in both the Romanized version (using English
characters) and in Korean characters (Hangeul); this site uses the Revised
Romanization system. The Hangeul column is important because Korean
has more vowels than English, and the only truly accurate way to get the
correct pronunciation is to look at the word in Hangeul.
Of course, this requires learning how to read Korean characters,
which is much easier than it might appear. Korean uses individual
letters just like English (not pictograms as in Chinese). The letters
are simply grouped into blocks by syllable, which might give the general
impression of a pictogram at first glance.
J. David Eisenberg has put together an excellent website to help you
get started with learning Korean at http://langintro.com/kintro/.
Learning Korean is not vital to learning Tae Kwon Do, but in the spirit
of the Hwa Rang Do, I encourage you to learn at least some basics about
the language and culture of Korea in addition to learning Tae Kwon Do
techniques.
Note: in order to view the Hangeul characters, you need to have
Korean language support installed on your
computer.
School-related terms: |
Strike with the foot |
Tae |
태 |
Strike with the hand |
Kwon |
권 |
Way of life |
Do |
도 |
Way of the Foot and Hand |
Tae Kwon Do |
태권도 |
School |
Do-jang |
도장 |
President |
Chong-jae |
총재 |
Director / master |
Kwan-jang-nim |
관장님 |
Instructor |
Sa-beom-nim |
사범님 |
Senior |
Seon-bae-nim |
선배님 |
Junior |
Son-a-rae |
손아래 |
Uniform |
Do-bok |
도복 |
Useful words and phrases: |
Yes |
Ne |
네 |
No |
A-ni-yo |
아니요 |
Hello |
An-yeong-ha-se-yo |
안녕 하세요 |
Goodbye (to one who is leaving) |
An-yeong-hi-ka-se-yo |
안녕 히 가세요 |
Goodbye (to one who is remaining) |
An-yeong-hi-kye-se-yo |
안녕 히 계세요 |
Thank you |
Gam-sa-ham-ni-da |
감사 합니다 |
You're welcome |
Cheon-man-ae-yo |
천만에요 |
Sorry |
Joe-song-ham-ni-da |
죄송합니다 |
Excuse me |
Shil-lye-ham-ni-da |
실례합니다 |
Good luck |
Haeng-un-eul pim-ni-da |
행운을 빕니다 |
Ranks and belts: |
Junior rank (color belt) |
Geup |
급 |
Senior rank (black belt) |
Dan |
단 |
Belt |
Tti |
띠 |
White belt |
Huin-saek tti |
흰색 띠 |
Yellow belt |
No-ran-saek tti |
노란색 띠 |
Orange belt |
Ju-hwang-saek tti |
주황색 띠 |
Green belt |
Nok-saek tti |
녹색 띠 |
Blue belt |
Pa-ran-saek tti |
파란색 띠 |
Red belt |
Ppal-gan-saek tti |
빨간색 띠 |
Black belt |
Geom-jeong-saek tti |
검정색 띠 |
Tenets of Tae Kwon Do: |
Courtesy (literally, politeness) |
Ye-ui |
예의 |
Integrity |
Yom-chi / Jeong-jik |
염치 / 정직 |
Perseverance |
In-nae |
인내 |
Self-control |
Geuk-gi |
극기 |
Indomitable spirit |
Baek-jeol-bul-gul |
백절불굴 |
Community service |
Sa-hui-bong-sa |
사회봉사 |
Love |
Sa-rang |
사랑 |
The Theory of Power: |
Reaction force |
Ban-dong-ryeok |
반동력 |
Concentration |
Jip-jung |
집중 |
Equilibrium |
Kyun-hyeong |
균형 |
Breath control |
Ho-heup |
호흡 |
Speed |
Sok-do |
속도 |
Commands: |
Attention |
Cha-ryeot |
차렷 |
Bow |
Kyeong-nye |
경례 |
Ready |
Jun-bi |
준비 |
Start |
Shi-jak |
시작 |
Stop |
Geu-man |
그만 |
As you were |
Pa-ro |
바로 |
Relax |
Swi-eo |
쉬어 |
Turn around |
Dwi-ro dor-a |
뒤로 돌아 |
Yell |
Ki-hap |
기합 |
Adjust uniform |
Do-bok jeong-ri |
도복 정리 |
Attacks: |
Punch |
Ji-reu-gi |
지르기 |
Thrust |
Tol-ki / Chi-reu-gi |
돌기 / 찌르기 |
Strike |
Ttae-ri-gi / Chi-gi |
때리기 / 치기 |
Kick |
Cha-gi |
차기 |
Kicks: |
Front kick |
Ap cha-gi |
앞 차기 |
Side kick |
Yeop cha-gi |
옆 차기 |
Roundhouse kick |
Dol-lyeo cha-gi |
돌려 차기 |
Back kick |
Dwi cha-gi |
뒤 차기 |
Crescent kick |
Ban-dal cha-gi |
반달 차기 |
Crescent kick (outside to inside) |
Ban-dal an cha-gi |
반달 안 차기 |
Crescent kick (inside to outside) |
Ban-dal ba-kkat cha-gi |
반달 바깥 차기 |
Axe kick |
Do-kki cha-gi |
도끼 차기 |
Jumping front kick |
Ttwi-myeo ap cha-gi |
뛰며 앞 차기 |
Jumping side kick |
Ttwi-myeo yeop cha-gi |
뛰며 옆 차기 |
Jumping roundhouse kick |
Ttwi-myeo dol-lyeo cha-gi |
뛰며 돌려 차기 |
Jumping crescent kick |
Ttwi-myeo ban-dal cha-gi |
뛰며 반달 차기 |
Blocks: |
Block |
Mak-gi |
막기 |
Rising block (head block) |
Chu-kyeo mak-gi |
추켜 막기 |
Guarding block |
Dae-bi mak-gi |
대비 막기 |
Double knife-hand guarding block |
Son-kal dae-bi mak-gi |
손칼 대비 막기 |
Twin forearm block |
Ssang pal-mok mak-gi |
쌍 팔목막기 |
Double forearm block (push block) |
Du pal-mok mak-gi |
두 팔목 막기 |
Wedging (spreading) block |
Hae-chyeo mak-gi |
해쳐 막기 |
Circular block |
Dol-lyeo mak-gi |
돌려막기 |
Upward block |
Ol-lyeo mak-gi |
올려 막기 |
Downward block |
Nae-ryeo mak-gi |
내려 막기 |
Mountain block |
San mak-gi |
산 막기 |
Stances: |
Stance |
Seo-gi |
서기 |
Walking stance |
Geo-nun seo-gi |
걷는 서기 |
L stance |
Ni-un seo-gi |
ㄴ 서기 |
Sitting stance |
An-nun seo-gi |
앉는서기 |
Fixed stance |
Go-jeong seo-gi |
고정 서기 |
Low stance |
Naj-chweo seo-gi |
낮춰 서기 |
X (cross) stance |
Kyo-cha seo-gi |
교차 서기 |
Closed stance |
Mo-a seo-gi |
모아 서기 |
Rear foot stance |
Dwit-bal seo-gi |
뒷발 서기 |
Ready stance |
Jun-bi seo-gi |
준비 서기 |
Bending ready stance |
Gu-bu-ryeo jun-bi seo-gi |
구부려 준비 서기 |
Parallel ready stance |
Na-ran-hi jun-bi seo-gi |
나란히 준비 서기 |
Vertical stance |
Su-jik seo-gi |
수직 서기 |
Directions: |
High section |
Nop-eun-dae |
높은데 |
Middle section |
Ka-un-dae |
가운데 |
Low section |
Naj-eun-dae |
낮은데 |
Side |
Yeop |
옆 |
Front |
Ap |
앞 |
Back |
Dwi |
뒤 |
Inward |
An-eu-ro |
안으로 |
Outward |
Bakk-eu-ro |
밖으로 |
Upward |
Ol-lyeo |
올려 |
Downward |
Nae-ryeo |
내려 |
Right |
O-reun |
오른 |
Left |
Wen |
왼 |
Inner |
An |
안 |
Outer |
Ba-kkat |
바깥 |
Forward |
Ap-eu-ro |
앞으로 |
Backward |
Mul-leo-seo-myeo |
물러서며 |
Activities: |
Self-defense |
Ho-shin-sul |
호신술 |
Sparring |
Kyeo-ru-gi |
겨루기 |
1-step sparring |
Il-bo kyeo-ru-gi |
일보 겨루기 |
3-step sparring |
Sam-bo kyeo-ru-gi |
삼보 겨루기 |
Breaking |
Kyeok-pa |
격파 |
Patterns |
Hyeong / Teul |
형 / 틀 |
Hand / arm parts: |
Hand |
Son |
손 |
Palm |
Son-ba-dak |
손바닥 |
Knife-hand |
Son-kal |
손칼 |
Reverse knife-hand |
Son-kal deung |
손칼등 |
Fingers |
Son-ga-rak |
손가락 |
Fingertips |
Son-kkeutt |
손끝 |
Fist |
Ju-meok |
주먹 |
Forefist |
Ap ju-meok |
앞주먹 |
Backfist |
Deung ju-meok |
등주먹 |
Sidefist |
Yeop ju-meok |
옆주먹 |
Arm |
Pal |
팔 |
Elbow |
Pal-kkup |
팔꿈 |
Forearm |
Pal-mok |
팔목 |
Foot / leg parts: |
Leg |
Da-ri |
다리 |
Foot |
Bal |
발 |
Ball of foot |
Ap-kkum-chi |
앞꿈치 |
Heel |
Dwi-kkum-chi |
뒤꿈치 |
Footsword |
Bal-kal |
발칼 |
Ankle |
Bal-mok |
발목 |
Knee |
Mu-reup |
무릎 |
Instep |
Bal-deung |
발등 |
Toes |
Bal-ka-rak |
발가락 |
Korean numbers (for counting, as in patterns): |
1 |
Ha-na |
하나 |
2 |
Dul |
둘 |
3 |
Set |
셋 |
4 |
Net |
넷 |
5 |
Ta-seot |
다섯 |
6 |
Yeo-seot |
여섯 |
7 |
Il-gop |
일곱 |
8 |
Yeo-deol |
여덟 |
9 |
A-hop |
아홉 |
10 |
Yeol |
열 |
11 |
Yeol ha-na |
열하나 |
20 |
Seu-mul |
스물 |
21 |
Seu-mul ha-na |
스물하나 |
30 |
Seo-reun |
서른 |
40 |
Ma-heun |
마흔 |
50 |
Swin |
쉰 |
60 |
Yae-sun |
예순 |
70 |
Il-heun |
일흔 |
80 |
Yeo-deun |
여든 |
90 |
A-heun |
아흔 |
Sino-Korean (Chinese) numbers: |
1st |
Il |
일 |
2nd |
I |
이 |
3rd |
Sam |
삼 |
4th |
Sa |
사 |
5th |
O |
오 |
6th |
Yuk |
육 |
7th |
Chil |
칠 |
8th |
Pal |
팔 |
9th |
Gu |
구 |
10 |
Ship |
십 |
11 |
Ship-il |
십일 |
20 |
I-ship |
이십 |
21 |
I-ship-il |
이십일 |
38 |
Sam-ship-pal |
삼십팔 |
100 |
Baek |
백 |
1000 |
Cheon |
천 |
10,000 |
Man |
만 |
|